England & Wales
Solicitors for Whiplash Claims
Whiplash is the most common injury claimed for after a road traffic accident, and since 2021 it has been subject to its own rules. If you are dealing with a whiplash injury, it helps to understand how those rules work before you decide what to do. Our personal injury solicitors and lawyers can explain the position.
The rules changed the process as well as the amounts. Most lower value road traffic injury claims now go through the Official Injury Claim portal, with a tariff setting the award according to the injury and how long it lasts.
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How do whiplash claims work under the current rules?
Lower value road traffic injuries, including whiplash, are now subject to a fixed tariff under the Whiplash Injury Regulations 2021, and most of these claims are dealt with through the Official Injury Claim portal rather than through the courts. The tariff sets the amount of compensation according to the type of injury and how long symptoms last. A claim can still be brought, and a solicitor can still act for you, but the process and the likely value differ from a more serious injury claim.
The reforms introduced in May 2021 were intended to reduce the cost of lower value road traffic claims. They created a tariff of fixed awards for whiplash injuries and for minor psychological injuries arising from a road traffic accident, and a separate online portal, Official Injury Claim, for claims valued at or below a set threshold.
The practical consequence is that whiplash awards are now predictable rather than individually assessed. Where symptoms last for a short period, the tariff applies to the injury element of the claim. Where the injury is more significant, or where it is not a whiplash injury or did not arise from a road traffic accident, the claim is likely to fall outside the tariff and be dealt with in the ordinary way.
It is worth knowing that the tariff fixes only the injury element. It does not prevent a claim for financial losses, such as lost earnings or treatment costs, where those can be evidenced and fall within the rules.
Key takeaways
- Whiplash claims arising from road traffic accidents are subject to a fixed tariff under the Whiplash Injury Regulations 2021.
- Most lower value claims are dealt with through the Official Injury Claim portal rather than through the courts.
- The tariff fixes the award for the injury element, with amounts set by injury type and duration of symptoms.
- A solicitor can still act for you, and the tariff does not prevent a claim for financial losses where they can be evidenced.
- Legal services are provided by MB Solicitors, trading name of MB Legal Solicitors Ltd, regulated by the SRA under SRA ID 8000764.
What the whiplash rules cover
The tariff applies to whiplash injuries, which it defines as an injury of the neck, back or shoulder of a soft tissue nature, arising from a road traffic accident. It also covers minor psychological injuries arising from the same accident, in some circumstances.
Duration is central. The tariff sets a higher amount for injuries lasting longer than a defined period, and a lower amount for those resolving sooner. Where symptoms last beyond the longest tariff band, or where the injury is not within the definition, the claim is usually dealt with outside the tariff.
The rules are detailed and were updated after their introduction, so the figures and the bands that apply are those in force at the relevant time. We will explain how they apply to your particular injury rather than to road traffic claims generally.
Whiplash injuries within the tariff
Soft tissue injuries of the neck, back or shoulder caused by a road traffic accident, where the claim falls within the value threshold.
Injuries lasting longer than the tariff bands
Where symptoms continue beyond the longest period the tariff covers, the claim is generally dealt with outside the tariff and assessed individually.
Non whiplash injuries
Injuries that are not soft tissue injuries of the neck, back or shoulder, such as fractures, fall outside the tariff and are valued in the ordinary way.
Whiplash from accidents other than road traffic
The tariff is specific to road traffic accidents. A similar injury arising at work or in a public place is not caught by it.
Minor psychological injury
The regulations also cover minor psychological injuries arising from a road traffic accident in certain circumstances, with their own tariff amounts.
Claims above the portal threshold
Where the value of the claim exceeds the threshold, or the claim raises issues the portal cannot deal with, it proceeds outside the portal process.
What evidence these claims need
Whiplash claims are decided on the medical evidence, which in practice means the medical report obtained through the established process. The report records the injury, the symptoms reported and the expected duration, and that duration is what determines the tariff band.
Because duration matters so much, the accuracy of what you tell the medical expert is important. It is worth keeping a simple note of your symptoms and when they ease, rather than relying on recollection months later. The records from your GP or any treatment also support the picture.
Evidence we look for
- The accident report and the other driver's details
- Medical records documenting the symptoms reported
- The medical report recording the injury and its duration
- Records of any treatment, such as physiotherapy
- A note of symptoms and how they changed over time
- Evidence of any lost earnings or expenses
- The police reference where the police attended
- Photographs of vehicle damage, where relevant
What compensation can include
Compensation is built from the injury itself and from the financial consequences it has caused. Both have to be evidenced, and what is recoverable depends on your own circumstances.
Pain, suffering and loss of amenity
General damages for the injury itself and the effect it has on your life, including the activities, work and everyday tasks you can no longer manage as before.
Loss of earnings
Pay lost while you were recovering, and where the injury affects your ability to work in future, the difference between what you would have earned and what you can now earn.
Medical and treatment costs
Treatment you have paid for, physiotherapy, prescriptions and private care, along with the cost of treatment you are likely to need in future.
Care and assistance
Help with household tasks, childcare, gardening and personal care while you recover, whether paid for or provided by family members who stepped in.
Travel and other expenses
The cost of getting to medical appointments, aids and equipment, and other expenses the injury has caused that can be supported by receipts.
Future losses
Where the injury has lasting effects, compensation can include future treatment, ongoing care, equipment, and the longer term effect on your earning capacity.
We do not publish figures for particular injuries, because compensation is not decided by the injury name alone. Two people with the same diagnosis can receive very different awards depending on severity, how long symptoms last, the medical prognosis and the financial losses each has suffered. Any reliable figure has to come from the medical evidence in your own case.
How personal injury compensation is assessedHow these injuries typically arise
The cause of the accident changes who the claim is brought against. It does not change the way the injury itself is assessed.
Solicitors for Road Traffic Accident Claims
Where the injury happened on the road, including as a driver, passenger, rider, cyclist or pedestrian.
Road traffic accident claimsSolicitors for Serious Injury Claims
Where the injury is life changing and long term care and future loss must be considered.
Serious injury claimsWhat our solicitors do for you
- Assess the circumstances and explain whether there may be grounds to claim
- Identify who was responsible and put the case to their insurer
- Gather the evidence, including records and footage before it is lost
- Instruct independent medical experts on the injury and prognosis
- Work out the value of the claim, including lost earnings and expenses
- Handle the correspondence so it does not land on you
- Advise on any settlement offer, including when to challenge one
- Issue court proceedings where they become necessary
Whiplash: frequently asked questions
Do I need a solicitor for a whiplash claim?
You are not required to use one, and the portal is designed so that a claimant can use it directly. That said, a solicitor can help with the parts that cause difficulty, including deciding whether the claim really falls within the tariff, whether financial losses can be claimed alongside it, and what to do if the insurer disputes the claim. The larger the losses beyond the injury itself, the more it tends to matter.
Will my claim go through the Official Injury Claim portal?
Most lower value road traffic injury claims do, including whiplash claims within the value threshold. Claims outside the threshold, claims involving injuries that are not whiplash, injuries from accidents that were not road traffic accidents, and claims involving children or protected parties are generally dealt with outside the portal.
Are whiplash awards fixed?
The award for the injury itself is fixed by the tariff, based on the injury and how long symptoms last. That part is not individually assessed. Financial losses, such as lost earnings and treatment costs, sit outside the tariff and are claimed separately where they can be evidenced and fall within the rules.
What if my whiplash symptoms last longer than expected?
Where symptoms continue beyond the longest period the tariff covers, the injury element is generally no longer decided by the tariff and the claim is assessed individually, as a more serious injury. That is why the accuracy of the medical report on duration matters, and why it is worth reporting your symptoms carefully rather than understating them.
Can I claim if the accident was my fault?
If the accident was entirely your fault, there is generally no one to claim against, because the claim is brought against the party responsible. Where the accident was partly your fault, a claim can often still be brought with compensation reduced to reflect your share of responsibility.
How long do whiplash claims take?
Claims within the portal are often resolved more quickly than claims that go through the courts, because the process is more structured and the valuation follows a fixed table. Where the claim involves financial losses, disputed liability, or falls outside the portal, it tends to take longer.
Can I still claim for lost earnings?
Yes, where you have lost earnings as a result of the accident and can evidence it. The tariff fixes the injury element only. Lost earnings, treatment costs and other financial losses are claimed separately, and they need to be supported by payslips, accounts or receipts.
How long do I have to make a whiplash claim?
The limitation period for most road traffic injury claims in England and Wales is three years from the date of the accident. Where the claimant was a child at the time, the three years runs from their eighteenth birthday. Anyone close to a deadline should take advice immediately rather than assume the position.
The answers above explain the position generally. Nothing on this page is medical advice, and any medical questions should be directed to your treating team. Every claim turns on its own facts.
Who provides the legal services
Injury Law Specialists is a marketing and advertising platform and is not a law firm or a provider of regulated legal services. All personal injury legal advice, legal services, casework, representation, legal support, and any free initial assessment or consultation promoted or arranged through Injury Law Specialists are provided by MB Solicitors, a trading name of MB Legal Solicitors Ltd.
MB Legal Solicitors Ltd is a company registered in England and Wales under Company Number 12281731. The firm is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) under SRA ID 8000764 and is a member of The Law Society. Injury Law Specialists does not itself provide legal advice or carry out reserved legal activities. Any solicitor-client relationship arising from an enquiry will be directly between the client and MB Legal Solicitors Ltd.
Read our Regulatory InformationRelated injuries
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Not sure whether you can claim for your injury?
Tell us what happened and a member of our team can explain whether there may be grounds to claim, what evidence would be needed and how the process would work. The assessment is free, and speaking to us does not commit you to anything.
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