Injury Law Specialists

England & Wales

Solicitors for Loss of Earnings Compensation

An injury often costs more than the pain it causes. Time off work, reduced hours, a job you can no longer do, or a career that has been cut short all have a financial value, and that value forms part of a personal injury claim. Our solicitors explain how lost earnings are worked out, what evidence is needed, and how the self employed can prove a loss that has no payslip behind it.

We act for clients throughout England and Wales, from those who lost a few weeks of pay to people whose injuries have changed what they can earn for the rest of their working lives. The approach is the same either way: the loss has to be proved, and we help you prove it.

  • Free initial claim assessment
  • No Win, No Fee may be available
  • Clients throughout England & Wales
  • 30+ years' collective legal experience

Can I claim loss of earnings after an accident?

Yes, where the injury has caused you to lose pay. Loss of earnings is a form of special damages, which means it compensates for money the injury has cost you rather than for the injury itself. It can cover pay you have already lost while recovering, and where the injury has a lasting effect on your ability to work, the difference between what you would have earned and what you are now likely to earn. The loss has to be connected to the injury, and it has to be supported by evidence.

Loss of earnings is often the largest single element of a claim, and it is also the one people most commonly underestimate when they first get in touch. A few weeks of pay feels easy to quantify. What takes longer to appreciate is the cumulative effect of an injury on a career: the promotion that did not happen, the shift pattern that is no longer possible, the trade that can no longer be worked, or the business that could not be built because the injury got in the way.

There is a practical reason to think about this early. Evidence is easier to gather while it is fresh. Payslips, letters from an employer, records of overtime, and a clear note of what you would have been doing had the accident not happened are all much simpler to collect in the weeks after the event than to reconstruct years later.

Key takeaways

  • Loss of earnings is special damages, the part of a claim that compensates for the money the injury has cost you rather than for the injury itself.
  • It can cover pay already lost, future loss where the injury affects your ability to work, and reduced earning capacity.
  • Overtime, bonuses and commission can be included where you can show they would have been earned.
  • The self employed can claim, usually using business accounts and tax returns rather than payslips to prove the loss.
  • The team has 30+ years' collective legal experience in personal injury work across England and Wales.
  • Legal services are provided by MB Solicitors, trading name of MB Legal Solicitors Ltd, regulated by the SRA under SRA ID 8000764.

Past loss and future loss of earnings

Loss of earnings is usually described in two parts, and the distinction matters because they are proved in completely different ways. Past loss looks backwards at what you have already lost. Future loss looks forwards at what you are likely to lose.

Past loss of earnings

This is the pay you have already lost between the accident and the point the claim is settled. It is worked out by establishing what you would have earned during the period you were unable to work, and then taking off what you actually received, including any sick pay, benefits or other payments. It is the more straightforward of the two, because the period is known and the documents usually exist.

It is not only basic pay. Where you lost overtime, commission, tips, shift allowances or a bonus because you were off work, those losses can form part of the claim. A consistent pattern of overtime over the months before the accident is the sort of evidence that supports this.

Future loss of earnings

This is the loss you are likely to suffer from now on. It applies where the injury prevents you returning to the same work, limits the hours you can manage, means you earn less in a different role, or ends your working life early. Where a career has been cut short, this part of the claim can be very substantial, particularly for someone with many working years ahead.

Future loss needs evidence in a way that past loss does not, because it involves projecting forward. An accountant can set out what you would probably have earned, based on your history and prospects, and compare it with what you can now expect. Where the loss stretches over many years, or affects a pension, actuarial evidence may also be needed.

How a loss of earnings claim is worked out in practice

The way the loss is proved depends on how you earn. These are the situations that come up most often, and each one raises slightly different questions.

Employees on a salary

Usually the most straightforward. Payslips show what you earned before and after, and a letter from your employer confirms the absence. Overtime, bonus and commission can be added where there is a pattern to show they would have been earned.

The self employed

There is no payslip, so the loss is built from business accounts, tax returns, invoices and a comparison of trading before and after the accident. It helps to instruct an accountant who understands injury claims and can answer the insurer's questions clearly.

Agency and casual work

Irregular hours make the loss harder to pin down but do not remove it. Timesheets, booking records and evidence of the pattern of work you usually received all help establish what you would have earned but for the injury.

Directors and business owners

Where the business lost income because of your injury, the loss can still be claimed, but it needs careful evidence. The question is what you lost personally, and an accountant's analysis of the company and your drawings is usually required.

Those who cannot return at all

Where the injury means you cannot work again, future loss runs across the whole of the rest of your working life. That requires evidence on what you would have earned, your prospects and, often, the effect on your pension.

Carers and unpaid workers

Loss is not limited to employment. Where an injury stops you providing care to a family member, or prevents work you did without pay, the value of what has been lost can form part of the claim in appropriate cases.

One point that surprises people: your pay does not have to have stopped entirely for there to be a loss. Someone who has returned to work on reduced hours, or who has moved to a lower paid role because their injury will not allow the old one, has still lost money, and that difference can be claimed. The same is true of someone who is back in work but can no longer do the overtime that used to make up a large part of their income.

What evidence supports a loss of earnings claim

Unlike the award for the injury itself, a loss of earnings claim is proved with documents. That is good news in one sense, because documents are objective, but it also means the claim is only as strong as the paperwork behind it. The more carefully the loss is recorded, the easier it is to establish and the harder it is for an insurer to argue with.

Start with what you actually lost. Payslips, P60s, contracts and bank statements show what you were earning. Where overtime, commission or bonuses formed a regular part of your income, evidence of that pattern matters, because an insurer will otherwise treat the loss as limited to basic pay. A letter from your employer confirming the dates of absence, any reduction in hours or a change of duties is often valuable.

Where the loss continues into the future, or where the figures are not straightforward, a solicitor will often instruct an accountant to prepare a report. For the self employed, that report may be essential, because it translates business accounts into a clear statement of what the individual has lost and is likely to lose. Where the claim involves a long period of lost earnings or a pension, actuarial evidence may follow.

It is worth keeping your own record as well. A simple note of the days you could not work, the shifts you turned down, and the jobs you could no longer take because of the injury will help your solicitor build an accurate picture. Memory fades, and these details are much harder to reconstruct a year or two later.

Useful documents to keep

  • Payslips and P60s
  • Your contract of employment
  • Bank statements showing your income
  • Records of overtime, bonus or commission
  • A letter from your employer about your absence
  • Business accounts and tax returns if self employed
  • Invoices and booking records for casual work
  • Pension statements, where relevant
  • Your own note of days and work lost

Where loss of earnings sits in the wider claim

A personal injury claim has two broad parts, and loss of earnings belongs to the second of them. Understanding how they fit together explains why the figure for a claim is often larger than the award for the injury itself.

General damages

The award for the injury itself and the effect it has on your life, known as pain, suffering and loss of amenity. It is assessed on the medical evidence rather than calculated from documents, and it is dealt with separately from any financial loss. You can read more about it in our guide to pain, suffering and loss of amenity compensation.

Special damages

The award for the money the injury has cost you, proved with documents. Loss of earnings is the largest element here for most people, but it sits alongside treatment and rehabilitation costs, care and assistance, travel, aids and equipment, and other expenses. In serious cases this part of the claim often far exceeds the general damages.

For a fuller picture of what both parts can include, see our page on solicitors for personal injury compensation.

Loss of earnings compensation: frequently asked questions

Can I claim loss of earnings after an accident?

Yes, where the injury has caused you to lose pay. Loss of earnings is a form of special damages, which means it compensates for money the injury has cost you rather than for the injury itself. It can cover pay you have already lost while recovering, and where the injury has a lasting effect on your ability to work, the difference between what you would have earned and what you are now likely to earn. The loss has to be connected to the injury and supported by evidence.

What evidence do I need for a loss of earnings claim?

The starting point is proof of what you actually lost. Payslips, contracts, P60s, bank statements and, for the self employed, accounts and tax returns all help. Where the job involves overtime, bonuses or commission, records of what you would normally have earned are useful. A letter from your employer confirming absence, reduced hours or a change of role is often helpful too. Where the loss looks likely to continue, an accountant or employment expert may be instructed to project it properly.

Can the self employed claim loss of earnings?

Yes. Self employed claimants often face more questions, because there is no payslip to point to, but the loss is just as real. The claim is usually built from business accounts, tax returns, invoices and a comparison of what the business was earning before the accident with what it earned afterwards. Where the figures are complicated, or the business was growing, an accountant experienced in these claims can set out the loss clearly and answer the insurer's questions.

What about future loss of earnings?

Where the injury affects your ability to work in the long term, you can claim for future loss as well as past loss. This can cover the difference between what you would have earned had the accident not happened and what you are likely to earn now, whether because you can work fewer hours, cannot do the same role, or cannot work at all. Where a career has been cut short, the loss can be substantial and needs careful evidence on earnings, prospects and, in some cases, pension.

Can I claim for overtime, bonuses and commission?

Yes, where you can show these would have been earned. The standard for the past is what you would probably have earned had the accident not happened, so a consistent pattern of overtime or commission over the preceding months or years is good evidence. For the future, the same logic applies, although the further ahead you look the more the claim depends on expert evidence about what was realistically likely.

Can I claim loss of earnings if I was off work but paid sick pay?

It depends. Where your employer paid you in full during your absence, you have not lost that pay, so there is usually nothing to claim for that period. But where your pay was reduced, where you used up holiday you would otherwise have taken, or where you lost overtime or commission because you were off, those losses can often be claimed. Company sick pay arrangements and any sums repaid to an employer need to be looked at carefully.

Do I have to claim lost earnings, or can I leave them out?

It is your claim and your decision. Some people prefer not to claim lost earnings, particularly where they are concerned about how it might look to an employer or where the amount is small. It is worth understanding, though, that leaving a loss out means you cannot come back for it later once the claim is settled. It is usually better to discuss the options with a solicitor before deciding, rather than to write off a loss without knowing what is involved.

How is loss of earnings calculated?

Past loss is usually calculated by working out what you would have earned during the period you were unable to work, and taking off what you actually received. Future loss is more involved, because it means projecting what you would have earned over the coming years and comparing it with what you can now expect. That often requires an accountant's report and, where the loss stretches over many years or affects a pension, actuarial evidence. The figure is built from evidence rather than assumed.

Can I claim loss of earnings as part of a No Win No Fee claim?

Yes. Loss of earnings is simply one element of the compensation in a claim, and it is funded in the same way as the rest. Suitable claims may be accepted under a Conditional Fee Agreement, commonly called No Win No Fee, subject to an assessment of liability, the evidence and the prospects of success. If the claim succeeds, a success fee may be payable, and in many personal injury claims the legal cap is 25% of the relevant categories of damages including VAT.

Do you help clients throughout England and Wales?

Yes. Injury Law Specialists provides access to solicitors and lawyers who act for clients throughout England and Wales. Much of the work is done by telephone, video call and email, and clients can be seen at a convenient location where a meeting is needed. Distance from a city centre does not prevent a loss of earnings claim from being properly handled.

The answers above explain the position generally. Every claim turns on its own facts, and the applicable rules are those in force at the relevant time. For advice on how long you have to bring a claim, see our page on personal injury claim time limits.

Who provides the legal services

Injury Law Specialists is a marketing and advertising platform and is not a law firm or a provider of regulated legal services. All personal injury legal advice, legal services, casework, representation, legal support, and any free initial assessment or consultation promoted or arranged through Injury Law Specialists are provided by MB Solicitors, a trading name of MB Legal Solicitors Ltd.

MB Legal Solicitors Ltd is a company registered in England and Wales under Company Number 12281731. The firm is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) under SRA ID 8000764 and is a member of The Law Society. Injury Law Specialists does not itself provide legal advice or carry out reserved legal activities. Any solicitor-client relationship arising from an enquiry will be directly between the client and MB Legal Solicitors Ltd.

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Lost income because of an injury?

Tell us what happened and a member of our team can explain whether you may have grounds to claim, what evidence would be needed and how lost earnings are likely to be assessed in your case. The assessment is free, and there is no obligation to proceed.

Prefer to write it down? You can also tell us what happened and we will come back to you.